IELTS Writing Task 2 Essay Structure: Introduction, Body Paragraphs and Conclusion
Why structure matters
Examiners award marks for Coherence and Cohesion, and a clear structure is the easiest way to meet that criterion. A well-structured essay lets the reader follow your argument without effort. The standard structure for most Task 2 questions has four paragraphs: introduction, two body paragraphs and conclusion. This is suitable for 250 to 290 words, which is a safe target.
The introduction
An introduction needs two parts: a paraphrase of the question and a clear thesis statement that answers it. Suppose the question is, 'Some people think that university education should be free for all. To what extent do you agree or disagree?' A suitable introduction is: 'Many people argue that higher education should not carry fees. Although I accept that free tuition would widen access, I believe that a partly free system is more realistic.' Two sentences are enough. Avoid general statements such as 'Nowadays, education is very important'.
Body paragraphs: the PEEL method
Each body paragraph should develop one main idea. Use PEEL: Point, Explanation, Example and Link. For example: 'Free tuition would give students from low-income families a fairer chance of studying (point). Without fees, talented applicants would no longer be discouraged by debt (explanation). In Germany, for instance, public universities charge almost no tuition, and the proportion of students from non-academic families has risen (example). Thus, removing fees can promote equality (link).' Check examples before using them in a real essay, and prefer general examples you can describe accurately.
The conclusion
The conclusion restates your position in different words and summarises the two main reasons. It should not introduce a new idea. For example: 'In conclusion, although free education would improve access, a balanced system with targeted support is more sustainable.' Two sentences are enough.
Timing and checking
Plan for five minutes, write for 30 to 32 minutes and proofread for three minutes. Check that you answered every part of the question, that each paragraph has a single focus, and that your position is the same from the introduction to the conclusion. Vary your linking words rather than starting every sentence with 'Moreover' or 'Furthermore'. Practise using the prompts on the IELTS Writing practice page.
Frequently asked questions
How many paragraphs should a Task 2 essay have?
Four or five paragraphs is typical: an introduction, two body paragraphs and a conclusion, with a third body paragraph for some question types.
How long should the introduction be?
Two sentences are enough: a paraphrase and a thesis.
Do I need an example in every body paragraph?
It is recommended. Examples make ideas specific and persuasive.