IELTS Matching Headings: Step-by-Step Strategy With an Example
How Matching Headings works
In Matching Headings you receive a list of headings, usually more than the number of paragraphs, and must choose the best heading for each paragraph or section. The task tests whether you can identify the main idea of a paragraph rather than a single detail. Some paragraphs are already matched as examples. Each heading can be used only once.
Step-by-step method
Begin by reading the headings and underlining their key ideas. Then read the first and last sentences of each paragraph, where the main idea is often stated, and skim the middle for support. Write a three- or four-word summary of each paragraph in your own words. Match your summary with the closest heading. Start with the easiest paragraphs, because every heading you use removes a distractor from the harder ones. Finally, check that each heading covers the whole paragraph and that no heading is used twice.
Example
Paragraph: 'Rising sea levels have forced several island nations to consider relocating entire communities. Some governments have started to negotiate land purchases abroad, while others are building sea walls and elevated housing.' Possible headings: A) Responses to rising seas, B) The history of island tourism, C) New fishing technology. The paragraph discusses relocation, land purchase and sea walls as responses to a problem, so heading A is correct. Heading B and C use words that may look familiar but do not match the paragraph's main idea.
Mistakes to avoid
Candidates often choose a heading because a single word matches the text. This is a trap, because distractor headings usually reuse words from the paragraph. Another common mistake is choosing a heading that is too narrow, covering only one example, or too broad, covering the whole passage. Do not read the entire passage first: this wastes time. Spend about one to two minutes per paragraph and move on if you are unsure.
For more practice, try the questions on the IELTS Reading practice page.
Frequently asked questions
Can I use a heading more than once?
No. In most Matching Headings tasks each heading is used once only.
Are there extra headings?
Usually yes. The list contains more headings than paragraphs, which makes elimination important.
How long should I spend on this task?
About 8 to 10 minutes for a typical set of 5 to 7 paragraphs.